|
Guy Stewart Callendar (February 1898 - October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor. His main contribution to knowledge was developing the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to global temperature. This theory, earlier proposed by Svante Arrhenius,〔American Institute of Physics, (The Discovery of Global Warming: The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect ), February 2014 (accessed 13 November 2014)〕 has been called the Callendar effect. Callendar thought this warming would be beneficial, delaying a "return of the deadly glaciers."〔Bowen, Mark (2006) ''Thin Ice'', p. 96. New York, Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-6443-8〕 Callendar expanded on the work of several 19th century scientists, including Arrhenius and Nils Gustaf Ekholm. Callendar published 10 major scientific articles, and 25 shorter ones, between 1938 and 1964 on global warming, infra-red radiation and anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Others, such as the Canadian physicist Gilbert Plass, expanded upon Callendar's work in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1938, Callendar compiled measurements of temperatures from the 19th century on, and correlated these measurements with old measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations.〔 He concluded that over the previous fifty years the global land temperatures had increased, and proposed that this increase could be explained as an effect of the increase in carbon dioxide.〔Callendar, G. S. (1938) "The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature", ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'', doi: (10.1002/qj.49706427503 )〕 These estimates have now been shown to be remarkably accurate,〔Hawkins, Ed & Phil Jones (2013) "On increasing global temperatures: 75 years after Callendar", ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'', doi: (10.1002/qj.2178 )〕 especially as they were performed without the aid of a computer.〔Fleming, J.R. (2007) ''The Callendar Effect: the life and work of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898–1964)'' Amer Meteor Soc., Boston. ISBN 978-1-878220-76-9〕 Callendar assessed the climate sensitivity value at 2C°, which is on the low end of the IPCC range. Callendar was the son of Hugh Longbourne Callendar, an English physicist who studied thermodynamics. ==See also== *History of climate change science 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guy Stewart Callendar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|